Efficacy of afoxolaner in the flea control in experimentally infested cats / Eficácia do afoxolaner no controle de pulgas em gatos experimentalmente infestados

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de afoxolaner oral no controle de pulgas em gatos. Foram utilizados 14 gatos. Os animais foram identificados, alojados individualmente, infestados artificialmente com C. felis felis e tratados (ou não) com afoxolaner. Foram divididos em um grupo de tratamento e um grupo controle (n = 7/ grupo), com base na contagem de pulgas, horas após a infestação aplicada no dia (alocação de um por um após o período por contagem). No início do protocolo experimental (dia 0), o grupo tratado recebeu afoxolaner em dose inicial de 2,5 mg / kg e os animais do grupo controle receberam um placebo. Todos os animais foram infestados com 100 pulgas C. felis felis dois dias antes do dia 0, assim como nos dias 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 63, sendo avaliadas as cargas parasitárias às 48 h após cada infestação. A eficácia do afoxolaner foi de 100% no dia 2 e permaneceu acima de 98% até o dia 42, diminuindo para 95,3% no dia 63. Os resultados confirmam que uma dose única de afoxolaner oral foi eficaz no controle de C. felis felis em gatos, e não houve eventos adversos observados.

Comparative efficacy of continuous and pulse dose terbinafifine regimes in toenail dermatophytosis: A randomized double-blind trial.

Introduction: Dermatophytes are the most frequently implicated agents in toenail onychomycosis and oral terbinafi ne has shown the best cure rates in this condition. The pharmacokinetics of terbinafi ne favors its effi cacy in pulse dosing. Objectives: To compare the effi cacy of terbinafi ne in continuous and pulse dosing schedules in the treatment of toenail dermatophytosis. Methods: Seventy-six patients of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture positive dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis were randomly allocated to two treatment groups receiving either continuous terbinafi ne 250 mg daily for 12 weeks or 3 pulses of terbinafi ne (each of 500mg daily for a week) repeated every 4 weeks. Patients were followed up at 4, 8 and12 weeks during treatment and post-treatment at 24 weeks. At each visit, a KOH mount and culture were performed. In each patient, improvement in a target nail was assessed using a clinical score; total scores for all nails and global assessments by physician and patient were also recorded. Mycological, clinical and complete cure rates, clinical effectivity and treatment failure rates were then compared. Results: The declines in target nail and total scores from baseline were signifi cant at each follow-up visit in both the treatment groups. However, the inter-group difference was statistically insignifi cant. The same was true for global assessment indices, clinical effectivity as well as clinical, mycological, and complete cure rates. Limitations: The short follow-up in our study may have led to lower cure rates being recorded. Conclusion: Terbinafi ne in pulse dosing is as effective as continuous dosing in the treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis.

An Open, Comparative, Randomized, Parallel, Post Marketing, Multicentric Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Formula A (Ofloxacin + Ornidazole + Terbinafine Hydrochloride + Clobetasol Propionate) versus Formula B (Clotrimazole + Beclometasone Dipropionate + Neomycin Sulphate), Formula C (Clotrimazole + Beclometasone Dipropionate + Neomycin Sulphate) and Formula D (Clotrimazole + Beclometasone Dipropionate + Neomycin Sulphate) in the Treatment of Patients with Vaginitis.

Vaginitis is among the most common conditions for which women seek medical care, with vaginal discharge accounting for approximately 10 million office visits each year. Since there are no published studies till date that evaluated the Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Cream of Formula A [Ofloxacin (0.75 % w/w) + Ornidazole (2% w/w) + Terbinafine Hydrochloride (1% w/w) + Clobetasol Propionate (0.05% w/w)] compared to Formula B [Clotrimazole (1%w/w) + Beclometasone Dipropionate (0.025%w/w) + Neomycin Sulphate (0.5% w/w)], Formula C [Clotrimazole (1%w/w) + Beclometasone Dipropionate (0.025%w/w) + Neomycin Sulphate (0.5% w/w)], and Formula D [Clotrimazole (1%w/w) + Beclometasone Dipropionate (0.025%w/w) + Neomycin Sulphate (0.5% w/w)], in mild to moderate vaginitis, hence we undertook this randomized controlled Post Marketing Multicentric trial. Materials and methods: Female subjects diagnosed with mild to moderate symptoms of Vaginitis were eligible and those fulfilling the subject selection criteria were randomized to receive either Formula A, Formula B, Formula C or Formula D for 14 days. The Primary efficacy measures were assessment of symptoms of Vaginitis i.e. vaginal pruritis, vaginal irritation, vaginal soreness or pain, dyspareunia, vaginal erosion and vaginal inflammation and Secondary efficacy measures were assessment of Physical characteristics of vaginal discharge, assessment of pH of vaginal discharge and Microbiological evaluation. Assessment of Safety was done by recording the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Results: The clinical success rates were comparable and even far better in case of Formula A group (in vaginal pain, Dyspareunia and vaginal erosion it was 100 %, in case of vaginal inflammation it was 92.655 % while in case of vaginal irritation, it was 94.767 % and vaginal pruritus, it was 87.096 %). Adverse events were mild and self limiting while it was totally absent in case of Formula A group. Conclusion: Topical Cream of Formula A is safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate vaginitis.

Aerosol delivery of kinase-deficient Akt1 attenuates Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene in the lungs of dual luciferase mice

Conventional lung cancer therapies are associated with poor survival rates; therefore, new approaches such as gene therapy are required for treating cancer. Gene therapies for treating lung cancer patients can involve several approaches. Among these, aerosol gene delivery is a potentially more effective approach. In this study, Akt1 kinase-deficient (KD) and wild-type (WT) Akt1 were delivered to the lungs of CMV-LucR-cMyc-IRES-LucF dual reporter mice through a nose only inhalation system using glucosylated polyethylenimine and naphthalene was administrated to the mice via intraperitoneal injection. Aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment increased protein levels of downstream substrates of Akt signaling pathway while aerosol delivery of Akt1 KD did not. Our results showed that naphthalene affected extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein levels, ERK-related signaling, and induced Clara cell injury. However, Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene was considerably attenuated in mice exposed to Akt1 KD. Furthermore, a dual luciferase activity assay showed that aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment enhanced cap-dependent protein translation, while reduced cap-dependent protein translation was observed after delivering Akt1 KD. These studies demonstrated that our aerosol delivery is compatible for in vivo gene delivery.

[ comparative evaluation of terbinafin 1% cream and clotrimazole 1% in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor]

Terbinafine, a member of the allylamines group, is a new class of antimycotic agents. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal efficacy of Terbinafine 1% with that of Clotrimazole 1% in the patients with Pityriasis Versicolor. This controlled-clinical trial study was performed on 53 patients [28 males and 25 females] with a mean age of 25 years old. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with Terbinafine 1% and the second group with Clotrimazole 1% twice a day. The patients were evaluated both clinically and mycologically at the beginning of the study as well as the end of the second and the fourth weeks. The findings were analyzed using Fisher Exact and Chi Square tests. In the 2[nd] week of the treatment, clinical cure was observed in 44.4% of the patients in the first group [Terbinafine recipients] and in 48% of those in the second group [Clotrimazole recipients] [P=0.90]. At the end of the fourth week, the lesions disappeared in 89% and 81% of the first and second groups, respectively [P=0.467]. Mycological cures were observed in the 2[nd] week in 48% of the first group and 38% of the second group [P=0.477] which respectively increased to 92.5% and 88.5% by the fourth week [P=0.66]. although the fungicidal activity of both drugs were found to be almost similar, Clotrimzole is recommended because it is more available and less expensive

Study of oral itraconazole and terbinafine pulse therapy in onychomycosis.

In this open, randomized and comparative study, the safety and efficacy of systemic intermittent itraconazole and terbinafine was examined in 30 patients with onychomycosis. The patient with positive mycological culture and also the patients with positive microscopy and negative culture were investigated. Patients were randomly assigned: 15 patients in each group received either 200mg itraconazole or 250 mg terbinafine twice daily during the first week of a 4 weeks cycle. The treatment duration was 16 weeks and was followed-up for 36 weeks. Both the treatment regimen showed significant reduction in onychomycosis affected areas after 8 weeks and maximum reduction was observed at the end of 36 weeks. At the end point of the follow-up period, the clinical cure rates (no residual deformity or with some deformity) were 86.7% in the itraconazole group and 100% in the terbinafine group. The mycological cure rates were 86.7% and 100% respectively. However, no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were seen in clinical, mycological (P= 0.864) and severity assessment (P= 0.220). Nausea, abdominal cramp, headache, back pain and flu like syndrome are the adverse effects more frequently reported. At least one adverse effect was reported by 17 patients, of them 12 belonged to itraconazole group and 5 to terbinafine group and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.027). The overall therapeutic effectiveness, safety and cost affectivity were in favor of Terbinafine pulse therapy.

Double-blind study of the efficacy of 1 week topical terbinafine cream compared to 4 weeks miconazole cream in patients with tinea pedis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of terbinafine cream for 1 week with the efficacy of miconazole cream for 4 weeks in the treatment of tinea pedis. METHOD: Patients who visited our clinic for tinea pedis and who had positive KOH preparation and positive culture for dermatophyte were treated with terbinafine cream for 1 week and placebo for 3 weeks, or with miconazole cream for 4 weeks. Evaluation was done 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 weeks after the start of the treatment. Mycological cure was defined as presence of a positive KOH preparation and a positive culture before treatment, and negative results for both after treatment. Clinical efficacy was defined as mycological cure and presence of at most a total signs and symptoms score of two. RESULT: Forty-eight patients were studied. Half of them were treated with terbinafine and placebo and the other half with miconazole. Both groups had an equal distribution as to age, sex, race, duration and seriousness of the fungal infection and previous treatment. Mycological cure and clinical efficacy throughout the evaluation were similar in both treatment groups. After 10 weeks, mycological cure was seen in about 52.6 per cent and 55 per cent, and clinical efficacy in about 47 per cent, 45 per cent in terbinafine and miconazole treatment group respectively. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of tinea pedis local application of terbinafine cream for 1 week is as good as treatment with miconazole cream for 4 weeks.